A proppant is a solid material, typically sand, treated sand or manmade ceramic materials. Hydraulic proppant fracturing and gravel packing developments in petroleum science mader, detlef on. These tests should enable users to compare the physical characteristics of various proppants tested under the described conditions and to select materials useful for hydraulic fracturing and gravel packing operations. Recommended practice for measurement of and specifications. Characterization of natural sand proppant used in hydraulic.
A method is given for treating a wellbore in a subterranean formation by hydraulic fracturing, slickwater fracturing, gravel packing, and the like, by using platelike materials as some or all of the proppant or gravel. The fracture provides stimulation and enhances the effectiveness of the gravel pack operation in eliminating sand production. New proppant for deep hydraulic fracturing onepetro. Hydraulic proppant fracturing and gravel packing, volume. Hydraulic proppant fracturing and gravel packing by d. Purchase hydraulic proppant fracturing and gravel packing, volume 26 1st edition. Measurement of size and shape for frac sand and other proppants using the camsizer hydraulic fracturing is used in the oil and gas industry to increase the flow of oil andor gas from a well. Hydraulic fracturing can be used in conjunction with the conventional gravelpacking technique in a process called frac packing. Note proppants mentioned henceforth in this part of iso 503 refer to sand, ceramic media, resincoated proppants, gravelpacking media and other materials used for hydraulic fracturing and.
A proppant is a solid material, typically sand, treated sand or manmade ceramic materials, designed to keep an induced hydraulic fracture open, during or following a fracturing treatment. Ceramic and zirconium oxide beads and resincoated sand proppants also have been developed for deep hydraulic fracturing. Apr, 2018 khedidja allia 2019 characterization of natural sand proppant used in hydraulic fracturing fluids, particulate science and technology, 37. Measurement of properties of proppants used in hydraulic. Dec 16, 2015 a proppant is a solid material, typically sand, treated sand or manmade ceramic materials, designed to keep an induced hydraulic fracture open, during or following a fracturing treatment.
The hydraulic fracturing and sand control project, established in 2006, consists of 29 projects 22 related to fracturing and 7 related to sand control. Proppants in this document are sand, ceramic media, resincoated proppants, gravel packing media, and other similarly used materials for hydraulic fracturing and gravel packing operations. Proppants used in hydraulic fracturing and gravelpacking operations api rp 19d, recommended practice for measuring the longterm conductivity of proppants api rp 49, recommended practice for drilling and well servicing operations involving hydrogen sulfide. The objective of this document is to provide a consistent methodology for testing performed on hydraulic fracturing andor gravelpacking proppants. The quantity of proppant can vary from as low as 2. Sand coated with an uncured thermoset resin must be placed at a relatively low temperature. The hydraulic fracturing process hydraulic fracturing is not a drilling technique. Measurement of size and shape for frac sand and other. Erw, low fracture gradient, washout zone packing and fluid loss while pumping. Hydraulic fracturing american chemical society, division of environmental chemistry staff. Hydraulic proppant fracturing and gravel packing operations have to be closely monitored and supervised prior to the job, during course of the treatment and. Hydraulic fracturing frac sand sources and production in.
The definition of massive hydraulic fracturing varies, but generally refers to treatments injecting over 150 short tons, or approximately 300,000 pounds 6 metric. Read hydraulic proppant fracturing and gravel packing author. They are for use in evaluating certain physical properties used in hydraulic fracturing and gravel packing operations. A method of proppant pack permeability assessment 327 measurement of properties of proppants used in hydraulic fracturing and gravelpacking operations. They are for use in evaluating certain physical properties used in hydraulic fracturing and gravelpacking operations. Hydraulic proppant fracturing and gravel packing sciencedirect. Hydraulic proppant fracturing and gravel packing, volume 26 1st. The platelike materials are particularly useful in complex fracture systems, for example in shales. Us6749023b2 methods and apparatus for gravel packing. The fracturing process then transitions into a gravel packing process to allow proppant to fill the screencasing annulus thus completing the gravel pack portion of a frac packed completion. The procedures presented in this document are not intended to inhibit the development of new technology. Read hydraulic proppant fracturing and gravel packing. Api std 19c measurement of and specifications for proppants.
This type of process has several limitations to successful application. Us75912b2 completion method for fracturing and gravel. Folded or crumpled proppants with increased material strength. The main significance of this book is its combination of technical and economical aspects to provide an integrated overview of the various applications of proppants in hydraulic fracturing, and gravel in sand control. Folded or crumpled proppants with increased material strength for hydraulic fracturing, gravel packing and frac packing. Api foreword nothing contained in any api publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by.
Hydraulic proppant fracturing pages 333698 download pdf. Get your kindle here, or download a free kindle reading app. Folded or crumpled proppants with increased material. Proppants in this document are sand, ceramic media, resincoated proppants, gravelpacking media, and other similarly used materials for hydraulic fracturing and gravelpacking operations. Therefore, an effective hydraulic fracturing design from pretreatment formation evaluation to environmental friendly and efficient management of fracturing fluid and waste water will be presented at the end of the study. Pdf characterization of natural sand proppant used in. Hydraulic fracturing also called fracking, fracing, hydrofracking, fraccing, fracing, and hydrofracturing is a well stimulation technique in which rock is fractured by a pressurized liquid. Propped fracture and gravel pack monitoring sciencedirect. Hydraulic fracturing american chemical society, division.
Jun 15, 2004 a combined fracturing and gravel packing operation involves pumping gravel or proppant into the perforations at rates and pressures that exceed the parting pressure of the formation. Hydraulic, proppant, fracturing, and, gravel, packing epub format created date. These tests should enable users to compare the physical characteristics of various proppants tested under the described conditions and to select materials useful for hydraulic fracturing and gravelpacking operations. A combined fracturing and gravelpacking operation involves pumping gravel or proppant into the perforations at rates and pressures that exceed the parting pressure of the formation. The problem with the abovementioned standard is the fact that it does describe proppant properties as a material but. The concept of a new type of cokebased proppant for hydraulic fracturing of coal seams for coalbed methane extraction is introduced. The hydraulic fracturing and sand control project, established in 2006, consists of 26 projects 19 related to fracturing and 7 related to sand control. The problem with the abovementioned standard is the fact that it does describe proppant properties as a material but it does not give information on the performance. Propped fracture and gravel pack monitoring pages 843958 download pdf. It is added to a fracking fluid which may vary in composition depending on the type of fracturing used, and can be gel, foam or slickwater based. As the fracture width reduces relative to proppant size, physical changes occur to the proppant pack which influences its ability to maintain open a permeable effective pathway for hydrocarbon production.
Methods and apparatus for gravel packing, fracturing or. Offshore technologies in practice the national academies. Hydraulic proppant fracturing and gravel packing overdrive. Recommended practice for measurement of and specifications for proppants used in. Hydraulic proppant fracturing can be performed in either singular or multiple. Gravel packs and frac packs can be used in unconsolidated sands for sand control. Gravel pack proppant manufacturer supplier in ahmedabad india. T a i l i n l e n g t h and a d d i t i o n a l gravel packing s t a b i l i z a t i o n. Many aspects of hydraulic proppant fracturing have changed since its innovation in 1947. A companion map of producing and potential frac sand and resincoated sand source units in the conterminous u. Hydraulic fracturing can be used in conjunction with the conventional gravel packing technique in a process called frac packing. Hydraulic proppant fracturing and gravel packing lead to enhanced oil and gas recovery from lowpermeability and weaklycemented to loose friable sandstones, with the treatments improving.
Measurement of properties of proppants used in hydraulic fracturing and gravel packing operations measurement and geological significance of shape and roundness of sedimentary particles krumbein, journal of sedimentary petrology, vol 11, no 2. Hydraulic fracturing american chemical society, division of. In the fracpacking process, hydraulic fracturing occurs after the placement of a gravel pack to create a good conduit for the flow of hydrocarbon at some distance from the wellbore. Marc mcquesten, vice president of preferred sandsdustpro, discusses proppants, market trends and environmental and health challenges related to proppants. Methods and apparatus for gravel packing, fracturing or frac. Measurement of size and shape for frac sand and other proppants using the camsizer hydraulic fracturing is used in the oil and gas industry to increase the flow of oil and or gas from a well. Abstract when gravel packing horizontal wells, operators usually deploy. Hydraulic proppant fracturing and gravel packing, volume 26. Each section contains proppant specifications and replaces api 19c, first edition. The application of sand coated with uncured thermoset resin for both gravel packing and fracturing has met with varied success. Hydraulic proppant fracturing and gravel packing developments in petroleum science. The producing formation is fractured open using hydraulic pressure and then proppants propping agents are pumped into the oil well with fracturing fluid to.
Measurement of properties of proppants used in hydraulic fracturing and gravelpacking operations measurement and geological significance of shape and roundness of sedimentary particles krumbein, journal of sedimentary petrology, vol 11, no 2. This proppant is produced by precuring a specially modified phenolformaldehyde resin onto sand. The transport characteristics of kryptoair technology enable the use of lower fluid viscosity and pump rates in gravel pack applications. This allows efficient proppant placement and the full packing of the annular space in open and casedhole gravel packs while avoiding fracturing the formation. He remarked that all three techniques have been applied successfully for years. Viscous gravelcarrier and highly viscoelastic crosslinked fluids used in gravel packing and hydraulic fracturing respectively often contain polymers which are capable of. Most published industry data relates to testing at 2lbft 2. Application note hydraulic fracturing is used in the oil and gas industry. Hydraulic proppant fracturing and gravel packing developments. It is a technology used to enhance the flow of gasoil from a well, once the drilling is completed and the drilling rig is removed from the site.
Khedidja allia 2019 characterization of natural sand proppant used in hydraulic fracturing fluids, particulate science and technology, 37. Hydraulic proppant fracturing and gravel packing detlef. Ebook the ama handbook of business writing the ultimate guide to style grammar. Flow performance of proppant in hydraulic fractures below 2lb.
Nov 15, 2016 viscous gravel carrier and highly viscoelastic crosslinked fluids used in gravel packing and hydraulic fracturing respectively often contain polymers which are capable of damaging the formation. Application note hydraulic fracturing is used in the oil and gas industry to increase the flow of oil and or gas from a well. The proppants mentioned henceforth in this part of iso 503 5. The fracture provides stimulation and enhances the effectiveness of the gravelpack operation in eliminating sand production.
Pdf combined stimulation and sand control researchgate. Evaluation of design criteria for gravel pack and hydraulic. The process takes on the average, three to five days to complete. Flow performance of proppant in hydraulic fractures below. Massive hydraulic fracturing also known as highvolume hydraulic fracturing is a technique first applied by pan american petroleum in stephens county, oklahoma, usa in 1968. The producing formation is fractured open using hydraulic pressure and then proppants propping agents are pumped into the oil well with fracturing fluid to hold the fissures open so that the natural gas or crude oil. This part of iso 503 provides standard testing procedures for evaluating proppants used in hydraulic fracturing and gravelpacking operations. Completion technique and treatment of drilled solids. In the frac packing process, hydraulic fracturing occurs after the placement of a gravel pack to create a good conduit for the flow of hydrocarbon at some distance from the wellbore. The process involves the highpressure injection of fracking fluid primarily water, containing sand or other proppants suspended with the aid of thickening agents into a wellbore to create cracks in. Us6749023b2 us10041,289 us4128902a us6749023b2 us 6749023 b2 us6749023 b2 us 6749023b2 us 4128902 a us4128902 a us 4128902a us 6749023 b2 us6749023 b2 us 6749023b2 authority us u.
Hydraulic fracturing an overview sciencedirect topics. Hydraulic proppant fracturing and epub format keywords. Estimates of hydraulic fracturing frac sand production, consumption, and reserves in the united states by usgs scientist don bleiwas, provides an overview of the frac sand industry, including production. A new fracturing proppant has been developed that exhibits the properties necessary for use in deep hydraulic fracturing. Oct 22, 2015 folded or crumpled proppants with increased material strength for hydraulic fracturing, gravel packing and frac packing. Abstract in shale fracturing operations, proppant loadings of less than 2lbft 2 are often the reality. Free download hydraulic proppant fracturing and gravel packing pdf 1. The concept of coke based proppants for coal bed fracturing.
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